Chinese are interesting asian stating the first people with uniquely long history (5000 years old). The most common view of chinese origin is that they come from the Yangtze and Yellow river, however the recent scientific evidences suggest that they come from the south east asia, and then expand to the northern parts of china .

Phylogeographic Differentiation of Mitochondrial DNA in Han Chinese

Yong-Gang Yao,1 Qing-Peng Kong,1 Hans-Jürgen Bandelt,2 Toomas Kivisild,3 and Ya-Ping Zhang1

1Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Genome Diversity, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; 2Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; 3Department of Evolutional Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia

Received September 20, 2001; accepted for publication December 4, 2001; electronically published February 8, 2002.

To characterize the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Han Chinese from several provinces of China, we have sequenced the two hypervariable segments of the control region and the segment spanning nucleotide positions 1017110659 of the coding region, and we have identified a number of specific coding-region mutations by direct sequencing or restriction-fragmentlengthpolymorphism tests. This allows us to define new haplogroups (clades of the mtDNA phylogeny) and to dissect the Han mtDNA pool on a phylogenetic basis, which is a prerequisite for any fine-grained phylogeographic analysis, the interpretation of ancient mtDNA, or future complete mtDNA sequencing efforts. Some of the haplogroups under study differ considerably in frequencies across different provinces. The southernmost provinces show more pronounced contrasts in their regional Han mtDNA pools than the central and northern provinces. These and other features of the geographical distribution of the mtDNA haplogroups observed in the Han Chinese make an initial Paleolithic colonization from south to north plausible

http://www.xasa.es/grupos/soc/thread...e.japan/51/100
The haplotypes of Manchuria are intermediate between koreans and
northern chinese, being more like northern Han than koreans.
I expect there was some significant amount of migration of the
Jurchen with the Great Wall was extended to the north east. The
morphology and genetics of shandong changed markedly and some korean
and japanese markers could [Should] be from this region also.
-> this indicates that han pushed indiginous people in shandong to northward
The diversity of B46 haps is higher in manchuria than korea.
Koreans can be compared with Japanese, some of the haplotypes in
Koreans are missing in Japanese. These particular haplotypes are
found extensively amoung the Khalkha of mongolia, and much of the
history prior to the mongolian invasion has been lost. about 5 to 10%
are either from mongolia or manchuria an are of recent origin.
Two proximal groups, other than the Japanese have extensive
similarity with the koreans. The Orochon and the Ainu and presumbably
with more typing the indigeonous peoples of the Amur region. This
probably extended along the eastern coast into korea, however the
dynastic expansion of the han had diluted extensively the enterior of
the country. My expectation is that prior to 2800 years ago there was
no B46 in manchuria, in fact, one would be hard pressed to find it in
northern china except in the wet rice farming cultures. It also
probably did not exist on the Shandong.
Therefore in considering what is Korea today, represented by unique
haplotypes shared only between japanese(72%) and koreans one would
probably predict that this people extended into manchuria and along
the eastern coast to the amur region, and they were later compressed
by polical events that occurred to their west.

When one looks at haplotypes from asia one sees a gradient between
all the peoples from northern china to thailand to taiwan (except
aboriginals) and to parts of indonesia. Manchuria is marginally
transitional between mongols, northern han and koreans, but the
gradient steeps in slope sharply as one moved into Amur river region,
korea, mongolia and western china. Particular examples of other
compressions are in the mongolians. The haplotypes most unique to the
mongolians are not found in Native Americans, where as those in
Japanese and Ainu and other Eastern Siberians are. These unique
haplotypes are found to be similar to non-Han peoples to the south
and in Tibet.

Thankz fer sharin'...



www.there's-much-ta-ponder.edu

china watcher,

What you posted is what would be expected of people who migrated across and throughout a fairly large geographical region. How do the linguistics of the various peoples match up with the genetics? Do ur words agree with the migration patterns?

The only thing that seemed surprising is where the Ainu fit into the picture. I always thought of them as more caucasion than sinoid.